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Mesembria (Middle Ages), Μonuments

Συγγραφή : Kostova Rossina (28/7/2008)

Για παραπομπή: Kostova Rossina, "Mesembria (Middle Ages), Μonuments", 2008,
Εγκυκλοπαίδεια Μείζονος Ελληνισμού, Εύξεινος Πόντος
URL: <http://www.ehw.gr/l.aspx?id=10693>
Mesembria (Middle Ages), Μonuments (11/4/2011 v.1) Μεσημβρία (Μέσοι Χρόνοι), Μνημεία - δεν έχει ακόμη εκδοθεί 

ΓΛΩΣΣΑΡΙΟ
 

aisle
Τhe part of the naos of a church set off by the internal rows of piers or columns, namely by the structures supporting the roof.

anta or pilaster, the
A shallow rectagular feature projecting from a wall, having a capital and a base and architecturally treated as a column.

apodyterion, -a
An undressing room, next to the entrance in a bathhouse, or a gymnasium, or a palaestra.

apse
An arched srtucture or a semi-circular end of a wall. In byzantine architecture it means the semicircular, usually barrel-vaulted, niche at the east end of a basilica. The side aisles of a basilica may also end in an apse, but it is always in the central apse where the altar is placed. It was separated from the main church by a barrier, the templon, or the iconostasis. Its ground plan on the external side could be semicircular, rectangular or polygonal.

arcade
An arch is the opening formed between two columns or pillars. The rows of two or even more such openings are called arcades.

atrium
1. Antiquity: The large, open space within a building, which is envelopped by colonnades.2. Βyzantium: The forecourt of a church in early Christian, Byzantine, and medieval arcitecture. It was usually surrounded by four porticoes (quadriporticus).

barrel-vault
vaulted, semi-cylindrical construction used often as roof.

barrel-vaulted church
church domed by a simple semi-cylindrical barrel-vault.

bema
The area at east end of the naos in Byzantine churches, containing the altar, also referred to as the presbetery or hierateion (sanctuary). In these area take place the Holy Eucharist.

cornice
1. (Antiq. and Byz.) Member of the entablature or the architrave that projects in the elevation of a secular or religious building. As a horizontal member it may run along a wall. The cornice may also be the projecting part of the roof, protecting the building from rain.2. (Byz. archit.) Decorative architectural element used to articulate the walls of a church, both on the inside and on the outside, by marking the division between the vertical wall and the spring of the vaults. It usually bears painted or sculptural decoration of vegetal or geometric motifs.

cross-domed basilica
Type of domed basilica. A church plan, whose core, enveloped on three sides by aisles and galleries with a transept, forms a cross. The core is surmounted by a dome in the centre.

cross-in-square church
Type of church in which four barrel-vaulted bays form a greek cross; the central square of their intersection is domed. The cross is inscribed into the square ground plan by means of four corner bays.

diakonikon
An auxiliary chamber of the church, also known in early years as skeuophylakion, which could be a separate building attached to the church. There were kept the sacred vessels but sometimes also the offerings of the faithful, the archive or library. In Byzantine churches the diakonikon becomes the sacristy to the south of the Bema, corresponding to the prothesis to the north, and forming along with them the triple sanctuary. It usually has an apse projecting to the east.

dome
A characteristic element of Byzantine architecture. The dome is a hemispherical vault on a circular wall (drum) usually pierced by windows. The domed church emerges in the Early Byzantine years and its various types gradually prevail, while they are expanded in the Balkans and in Russia.

drum of dome
Part of the church, semicircular or polygonal, on which rises an hemispheric dome

naos (nave)
The main part of the temple, between the narthex and the bema. It was the place where the congregation took part in the liturgy.

narthex
A portico or a rectangular entrance-hall, parallel with the west end of an early Christian basilica or church.

niche
Semi-circular recess on the surface of the wall.

opus mixtum (ουδ.)
Masonry consisting of small stones and abudant mortar, which often interchange with horizontal double rows of plinths.

pastophoria (parabemata)
Rooms or places that as a rule surrounded the apse, next to to the Holy Bema, of the Paleochristian or Byzantine churches, namely the diakonikon and the prothesis.

portico
A porch or a structure consisting of a roof supported by columns or pillars, leading to the entrance of a building.

prothesis
Ιn ecclesiastical architecture, the sacristy to the north of the sanctuary. Usually it has an apse projecting to the east. It is the chamber where the eucharistic elements were prepared (Proskomide) before the Communion.

rosette, the
An ornament with a generally circular combination of parts resembling a flower or plant.

synthronon
Rows of built benches, arranged in a semicircular tier like a theatre, in the apse of a church. On these benches the clergy sat during Divine Liturgy. The bishop sat on the cathedra at the top of the synthronon.

templon or iconostasis
A structure separating the sanctuary from the main church. At first, it simply divided the nave from the presbytery, but later it became higher, with small columns and an epistyle. From the 11th century onwards, icons were placed between the templon columns and, somewhat later, icons were also placed above the epistyle, thus forming the iconostasis. The templon were originally from marble. Wooden iconostases appeared from the 13th century.

thermae
Building complexes dated in the Roman Period housing the public baths. Within the building there were three rooms, the frigitarium, the tepidarium and the caldarium and several other facilities rooms. The Roman bath-houses were also used as meting places and they often included a palaestra and a gymnasium.

three-aisled basilica
An oblong type of church internally divided into three aisles: the middle and the two side aisles. The middle aisle is often lighted by an elevated clerestory. In the Early Byzantine years this type of church had huge dimensions.

tympanum (lunette)
(Rom., Byz.) The arched panel (lunette) inside an arch or an arcosolium.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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