Εγκυκλοπαίδεια Μείζονος Ελληνισμού, Μ. Ασία ΙΔΡΥΜΑ ΜΕΙΖΟΝΟΣ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΣΜΟΥ
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Ephesus (Antiquity), Octagon

Συγγραφή : Dawson Maria-Dimitra (30/1/2008)
Μετάφραση : Koutras Nikolaos

Για παραπομπή: Dawson Maria-Dimitra , "Ephesus (Antiquity), Octagon",
Εγκυκλοπαίδεια Μείζονος Ελληνισμού, Μ. Ασία
URL: <http://www.ehw.gr/l.aspx?id=12653>

Έφεσος (Αρχαιότητα), Οκτάγωνο (16/6/2010 v.1) Ephesus (Antiquity), Octagon (18/7/2011 v.1) 

ΓΛΩΣΣΑΡΙΟ

 

acanthus
Herbaceous plant with prickly leaves; popular motif in architectural decoration.

architrave or epistyle
The lowest part of an entablature resting on the columns capitals and supporting the frieze.

attic-ionic base
Base of an Ionic column, consisting of an upper and lower torus, separated by a scotia and fillets

bucranium, (plur. -a)
Decorative motif representing an ox killed in religious sacrifice. This motif was represented, in stone, on the frieze, or stone lintels, above the columns in Doric temples.

capital
The uppermost part of a column or pillar crowning the shaft and supporting the entablature. The decoration of the capital characteristizes the ancient greek orders of architecture. In Doric order the capitals are decorated with abacus and echinus, in Ionic with spiral scrolls (volutes), while the corinthian capitals are composed of small corner volutes and a basket-shaped body decorated with rows of acanthus leaves.

cella
Interior enclosed part - nucleus of a temple or other temple-shaped building.

coffer
Recessed ornamental square or octagonal panels sunk in the ceilings of buildings. They were decorated with relief or pictorial, usually floral, designs.

corinthian order
The most elaborate of the ancient greek architectural orders. It was developed in the 4th century BC in Greece and it was extensively used in Roman architecture. It is similar to the Ionic order. Its capitals being four-sided and composed of a basket-shaped body decorated with volumes and rows of acanthus leaves.

cornice
1. (Antiq. and Byz.) Member of the entablature or the architrave that projects in the elevation of a secular or religious building. As a horizontal member it may run along a wall. The cornice may also be the projecting part of the roof, protecting the building from rain.2. (Byz. archit.) Decorative architectural element used to articulate the walls of a church, both on the inside and on the outside, by marking the division between the vertical wall and the spring of the vaults. It usually bears painted or sculptural decoration of vegetal or geometric motifs.

crepis / crepidoma
The solid mass of stepped masonry serving as the visible base of a building. The crepidoma usually consists of three steps. The top step from which the columns spring is called the stereobate.

cyma / cymation
Moulding decoration with ovals or tri-cusps alternating with lotus flowers. It was meant to separate or to lay stress upon two surfaces. In ancient architecture we distinguish Doric, Ionic and Lesbian cymation, according to their decoration and section form.

entablature, the
The upper part of the classical order, that rests on the columns, it consists of the architrave, frieze and cornice.

epicranitis
A moulding marking the top of a wall or an orthostate.

frieze (1. architecture), (2. painting)
1. The part of the entablature resting on the architrave and below the cornice. In the Doric order the frieze is decorated with two alternative motives, namely the triglyph and metope, while in the Ionic order the frieze is a decoratively carved band.2. Decorative horizontal band that sweeps parts of a vessel or the highest part of the walls in a room.

garlands
Derorative ornament with flowers and fruits, tied with ribbons and plant stalks.

opus caementicium
Roman technique of constructing structures using concrete. It was spread in the east part of the Roman Empire after 50 BC.

orthostate
A course of blocks laid on edge, normally in the lower part of the wall of a building.

peristasis
The collonade surrounding a building.

rosette, the
An ornament with a generally circular combination of parts resembling a flower or plant.

sima, sime
Part of architectural sculpture made of marble or clay. Its bears a meticulous appearance and it has a decorative character crowning the entablature. Its section is semicircural and it was used to channel water.

stylobate
The top step of the crepidoma (the stepped foundation of an ancient Greek building) from which the columns rise.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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